For 5 minutes, brainstorm all the ways media consumption has changed over the last 3 generations.
GRANDPARENTS
PARENTS
TEENAGERS / YOUNG ADULTS
Gen Z
1997 – 2012
13 – 28
"Discuss how changing audience trends have affected the way media products are consumed and distributed. Refer to examples from media platforms you have studied."
You are going to use the theory below and Youtube as a case study in the following essays;
1. Ownership - changing models of media ownership
2. Technology - how the internet has changed modelf of media ownership
3. Audiences - how audience trends have changed and we now have a generation of 'ProSumers'
Some things to consider for your upcoming essay;
Define media success (e.g., audience reach, profitability, cultural impact).
Briefly explain YouTube as a hybrid platform — both a distribution platform and an institution that enables user-generated and corporate content.
State your argument: YouTube's unique funding model (advertising, partnerships, premium services, and creator monetization) has been a core driver of its global success.
Shirky – end of audience theory.
What is it?
Audience behaviour has changed due to the internet and the ability for audiences to create their own content at home thanks to the lower cost of technology. This new audience doesn’t just consume media, but also produces it – creating the term ‘prosumer’.
Amateur content made this way has different values to professional media producers, in that it promotes a connection between other amateur producers – they both deeply care about the products they make and can help them work together.
When they work together in this way, audiences can make more content than producers – Wikipedia is a good example of this.
What is the advanced version?
In the ‘old’ media, centralised producers addressed atomised consumers; in the ‘new’ media, every consumer is now a producer. Traditional media producers would ‘filter then publish’; as many ‘new’ media producers are not employees, they ‘publish then filter’.
These amateur producers have different motivations to those of professionals – they value autonomy, competence, membership and generosity. User-generated content creates emotional connection between people who care about something. This can generate a cognitive surplus – for example, Wikipedia can aggregate people’s free time and talent to produce value that no traditional medium could match.
‘The Audience’ as a mass of people with predictable behaviour is gone. Now, behaviour is variable across different sites, with some of the audience creating content, some synthesising content and some consuming content. The ‘old’ media created a mass audience. The ‘new’ media provide a platform for people to provide value for each other.
Today's research is going to be useful for any essay regarding ownership. We are going to look into the New Zealand Film Commission. I want you to open your case study blog post and do some research on the NZFC and answer the following questions;
1. Who are the NZFC and what is their primary purpose? 2. What films have they funded in the last 5 years that did really well internationally? 3. What films have they funded in the last 5 years that you have seen or that you know have been popular? 4. What services do the NZFC offer to help NZ filmmakers in the production process? www.nzfilm.co.nz/new-zealand
Now I want you to consider the following question on a brainstorming page that you will title, "INSTITUTIONS (OWNERSHIP)".
Flick though this slideshow and make some notes but keep in mind this is British and we are focusing on the NZFC so mainly take the generalised points about ownership and what affect it has on a film being made.
"How does the status of the institution impact on how they engage with the major stages of production?" (basically, how does it impact a film being made to have the backing of a massive conglomerate like Disney, as opposed to being a filmmaker from NZ wanting to make an indi film).
Write points for;
1. Production (getting funding / cast & crew / music for the film / technology & equipment) 2. Distribution / marketing ( actors promoting the film / vertical & horizontal integration / synergy & cross-media-convergence) 3. exhibition & exchange (the type of release you may have / the rights to the film / piracy)
***NZFC new funding update
The New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC) has announced key funding changes for 2025, designed to simplify processes, enhance accessibility, and support a broader range of filmmakers. With an emphasis on cultural storytelling, commercial viability, and innovation, these updates aim to make New Zealand’s film industry more dynamic and globally competitive.
Filmmakers will now be required to define the aspirations of their projects from the outset. This ensures that NZFC funding aligns with the film’s intended impact and goals. Projects should fit into one or more of the following categories:
Cultural: A film that represents Aotearoa’s identity and unique storytelling.
Critical: Aimed at international film festivals and critical acclaim, with a clear audience and distribution pathway.
Local Audience: Strong potential to connect with and engage New Zealand audiences.
Commercial: A film with market attachments and international sales potential.
Innovation: Projects by emerging or distinctive filmmakers that push creative or technological boundaries.
By clarifying these aspirations, filmmakers can better align their projects with NZFC’s funding priorities.
Have a watch of these 2 videos and make notes. Be careful to get stats/ quotes and case study examples that you can use in essays.
You can use the concept of a global audience impacting representation / impacting Hollywood in the following essays;
- Audiences (in relation to how audiences are not just local, consuming local media but Global and the issues that arise with this)
- ownership (in relation to how Hollywood are powerful but with money being their bottom line, they compromise on Western values to gain Chinese audience support)
- technology (in relation to how proliferation of the internet has shifted audiences from local to global and some of the issues that arise with that)
I want you to answer the following essay question, using the points of interest below;
"To what extent does Media Ownership impact the success of a film." Please(!!!) plan your essay like we discussed, before attempting to write it.
In your plan:
write a killer, clear, easy to understand opening sentence that sums up your position on the question.
write 4 - 5 solid points that you will expand on in each paragraph
write bullet points for case studies / facts / figures / quotes that you have for each paragraph to back up your points
use case study and research ALL THE WAY THROUGH
use terminology from class notes / glossary ALL THE WAY THROUGH
In your essay, cover the following
BASIC IDEAS
1. Hollywood's DOMINANCE over media industry 2 NZ's film industry situation - NZFC (compare & contrast issues for NZ film production competing with Hollywood) 3. Piracy as an issue for all
how is media ownership structured (conglomerates / Hollywood big 5 - who are they? / subsidiaries / Disney case study - what does Disney own? What are they worth? how much of our media are they actually making? )
contrast Hollywood with NZ film (who are NZFC? What films have they made in last year? What are NZFC driven by (what is their end goal) / what types of films are being made and why? )
How does the $ of ownership influence cross-media convergence / synergy opportunities? Does it influence how successfully a film is marketed?? (CASE STUDIES to back this up / 'What we do in the shadows' / Hollywood Blockbuster case study marketing strategies / Dark Knight Why So Serious marketing campaign / Cases that contrast how indi films struggle or NZ funded films struggle in comparison? maybe they don'y struggle? Maybe the internet has levelled the playing field? / Horizontal Integration & Vertical Integration - how does this benefit a film's success and give examples of both types of integration
benefits of big $ to spend in ALL stages of production? (use your brainstorm from Monday - e.g. being able to hire big stars which also helps in promoting film (give EXAMPLES), benefits of technical equipment and bigger budgets for things like sounds / special effects etc
impact of a big company vs indi film in things like distribution - how does big $ make a difference in distribution process? Think integration of companies and how that may affect a film being distributed. How much harder is it for a small indi film to get distributed vS. your Hollywood blockbuster?
Impact of big conglomerate on the TYPES of movies being made. What are top grossing movies of last year? Who made them? What types of movies are being produced and re-produced because they're popular? What happens to the original storyteller and stories that need to be told? How does Hollywood's domination of the market affect independent films or international films who want to get work out there?
Piracy - how does this affect people who own the media? Use case study examples and research you've done to talk about this